accusative case africa afro-asiatic languages akkadian empire akkadian language al-andalus algeria algerian arabic alphabet amarna amarna letters amharic ammonite language amorite amorite language ancient north arabian andalusian arabic arab arabian peninsula arabic alphabet arabic language arabic languages arabization aramaeans aramaic alphabet aramaic language aramaic of hatra argobba language ashkenazi hebrew asia assyria assyrian neo-aramaic assyrian people babylonia bahrain bahrani arabic banu hilal bathari language bedawi arabic bedouin beja language berber languages beta israel bible biblical aramaic biblical hebrew broken plural caliph calque cameroon canaanite languages central african republic central asia central asian arabic central semitic languages chad chadian arabic chadic languages chaha language chaldean neo-aramaic christianity city classical arabic cuneiform script cushitic languages cypriot maronite arabic dahlik language dhofari arabic digital object identifier djibouti dongola east semitic languages eastern aramaic languages ebla eblaite language edomite language edward ullendorff egypt egyptian arabic eliezer ben-yehuda encarta eritrea eritrean orthodox tewahedo church ethiopia ethiopian orthodox tewahedo church ethiopian semitic languages ethnologue etymology european union europeanisation fertile crescent gafat language genitive case grammatical number gulf arabic gurage hadramautic language harar harari language harsusi language hebrew bible hebrew language hejazi arabic horn of africa hypercorrection infix inor language iran iraq iraqi arabic islam israel jew jewish babylonian aramaic jibbali language jordan judeo-arabic languages judeo-aramaic language judeo-iraqi arabic judeo-moroccan judeo-tripolitanian arabic judeo-tunisian arabic judeo-yemenite kabyle language kenya khuzestani arabic koy sanjaq surat kuwait language languages of the caucasus latin alphabet lebanese arabic lebanon levant levantine arabic libya libyan arabic lingua franca linguistics list of proto-semitic stems literary arabic loanword maghreb maghrebi arabic mali malta maltese language mandaic language mauritania medieval hebrew mehri language mesmes language mesopotamia metropolis middle bronze age alphabets middle east minaean language mishnaic hebrew misnomer mizrahi hebrew moabite language modern south arabian languages moroccan arabic morocco muher language muslim world nabataean language nabataeans najdi arabic neo-aramaic languages niger nigeria noah nominative case north africa northwest semitic languages nubia nunation old south arabian oman omani arabic omotic languages palestinian arabic palestinian territories phoenician alphabet phoenician language plural proto-canaanite alphabet proto-semitic language punic language qatabanian language qatar qimant language robert hetzron roger blench romance languages sabaean language sacred language sahara pump theory saharan arabic samaritan aramaic language samaritan hebrew language samhah saudi arabia sebat bet gurage language semitic senaya language sephardi hebrew shem shihhi arabic shirvani arabic siculo-arabic socotra soddo language solomonic dynasty somalia soqotri language south arabian alphabet south semitic southern sudan spain state sudan sudanese arabic sumer sumerian language syria syriac alphabet syriac language tanakh targum tigre language tigrinya language torah triliteral tunisia tunisian arabic turkey turoyo language ugaritic alphabet ugaritic language united arab emirates varieties of arabic verb subject object vladislav illich-svitych west semitic languages western aramaic languages western neo-aramaic weyto language yemen yemeni arabic yemenite hebrew zay language