affricate consonant allophone approximant consonant aspiration beijing beijing dialect breathy voice changsha dialect chinese language classical chinese danzhouhua dental consonant dungan language flap consonant fricative consonant gan chinese gaoyang dialect glottal consonant hakka chinese hangzhou dialect historical chinese phonology huizhou chinese japanese language jiangsu jin chinese kunshan labial consonant language family list of chinese dialects list of language regulators mandarin chinese middle chinese min bei min chinese min dong min nan min zhong nanchang dialect nasal consonant ningbo ningbo dialect northeastern mandarin old chinese palatal consonant pinghua chinese pitch accent proto-mandarin puxian min quzhou dialect romanization of japanese set phrase shanghai shanghainese people shaozhou tuhua sino-tibetan sino-tibetan languages slack voice southwestern mandarin spoken chinese standard mandarin suzhou suzhou dialect syllable onset syllable rime taishanese taiwanese mandarin taiwanese minnan tenuis consonant unicode varieties of chinese velar consonant vernacular chinese wenzhou dialect written cantonese written chinese wu chinese wuxi wuxi dialect xiang chinese yang yin yue chinese zhejiang zhongyuan mandarin