abioseh nicol ade renner thomas adelaide casely-hayford adetokumboh mccormack african american african american vernacular english albert cole albert jarrett americo-liberian andrew juxon-smith arthur nelson-williams black british black nova scotians cameroon caucasian race christian caulker christiana thorpe christianity christopher cole clifford nelson fyle colorism daddy saj daniel coker david carew dennis bright east coast of the united states edmund cowan england english language ethnic group eunice barber europe european ethnic groups eustace henry taylor cummings fannyann eddy freetown ghana granville sharp gullah henry josiah lightfoot boston herbert george-williams horace dove-edwin jamaica jamaican maroons jeillo edwards john augustus abayomi-cole john henry malamah thomas krio language liberia louisiana creole monty jones national language native americans in the united states nigeria nova scotia obi metzger paul cuffe portugal prince harding samuel coleridge-taylor saros senegal shana poplack sherbro caulkers sherbro tuckers sherbro people sierra leone sierra leone civil war sierra leone creole settlers sierra leone liberated africans syl cheney-coker temne tom carew united kingdom united states valentine strasser west africa west india regiment william john campbell winstanley bankole johnson