backplane cmos capacitance characteristic impedance charge sharing clock recovery design closure differential signaling digital electronics electrical impedance electrical resistance electrical termination electronic design automation electronic filter equalization ethernet flicker noise ground bounce ground plane input output buffer information specification integrated circuit integrated circuit packaging logic synthesis netlist noise margin opportunity cost photomask power supply preemphasis printed circuit board register transfer level ringing spice shot noise skin effect stripline substrate coupling tape-out threshold voltage transatlantic telegraph cable