albert abraham michelson american astronomical society american civil war american journal of mathematics american mathematical society andrew carnegie apparent sun arlington national cemetery astronomer astronomical society of the pacific astronomy bachelor of science benjamin peirce bladder cancer bruce medal canada chandler wobble confederate states of america copley medal daniel coit gilman economics edward baldwin whitney fort myer france franco-prussian war french language george william hill german language gold medal of the royal astronomical society harvard college observatory harvard university hassler whitney herbalist human computer italian language john maynard keynes johns hopkins university latitude logarithm mactutor history of mathematics archive mathematician mathematics mile moon mountaineering nautical almanac office nova scotia novel paris paris commune paris observatory peter andreas hansen physicist physics planet polymath potomac river project gutenberg roger sherman baldwin royal astronomical society of canada royal society samuel pierpont langley science fiction second french empire seth carlo chandler speed of light statistics swedish language tenure theodore roosevelt trustee united states national academy of sciences united states naval observatory washington monument wikisource william dwight whitney william howard taft william james