afro-asiatic languages basque language bodo language burmese language burushaski language cantonese chakma chinese language christopher beckwith clade comparative method east asia encyclopedia of china gan chinese george van driem hakka chinese himalayish languages hmong-mien languages huizhou chinese indo-european languages james matisoff jin chinese jingpo kachin karen languages kibibyte kiranti languages kuki kuki-chin-naga language contact language family lepcha language magar magar language mandarin chinese meitei language min chinese mishing language mizo mon-khmer languages nakhi nepal bhasa nocte north caucasian languages pinghua chinese portable document format qiang qiangic languages roy andrew miller semitic languages sergei starostin shanghainese standard mandarin tai-kadai languages taiwanese tamang language tibetan language tibeto-burman languages tujia language vietnamese language wu chinese xiang chinese yeniseian languages yi language