adam ferguson adam smith adaptation aggression agricultural revolution agriculture alphabet altruism alvin toffler amartya sen ancient greece ancient rome anthropology archaeology auguste comte authority band society barbarism benjamin kidd biogenesis biosphere capitalism central government charles darwin chiefdom christianity civilization clash of civilizations class struggle classical antiquity cognitive science of mathematics cold war collective collectivism colonialism commerce communism controversy cosmic evolution cosmogenesis counterfactual history cultural anthropology cultural diversity cultural materialism cultural relativism cultural selection theory culture daniel bell david mcclelland decentralization decolonization deforestation democracy dependency theory determinism development theory dichotomy diffusion of innovations direct democracy division of labour domination dual inheritance theory easter island ecology economic determinism economic system economy ecoregion edward burnett tylor elman service empirical energy england eric wolf ethnocentrism ethnography ethnology ethology eugenics evolution evolutionary anthropology evolutionary psychology exponential decay france franz boas french revolution friedrich engels future shock garden of eden gene genetics georg wilhelm friedrich hegel george lakoff gerhard lenski globalization governance gregor mendel growth heaven herbert spencer historical materialism historical particularism historicism historiography history history of communication history of democracy human behavioral ecology ibn khaldun ideal type ideology imperialism indigenous peoples individual industrial revolution industrial society industry information information technology inheritance institutional memory internet invention jean-baptiste lamarck jean-jacques rousseau john fiske john henry morgan john millar john naisbitt julian steward kardashev scale karl marx language law of three stages leadership leslie white lester frank ward logarithm logic mammoth manufacturing margaret mead marquis de condorcet marshall mcluhan marshall sahlins marvin harris marxism mathematics max weber means of production memetics metalworking metaphysics michel de montaigne middle ages military modernization modernization theory motivation multilineal evolution mythology nasa natural selection neo-darwinism neoevolutionism new tribalists nikolai kardashev noble savage nuclear energy philosophe physics piotr sztompka political system population density population dynamics population genetics population growth post-industrial society pottery pragmatism prediction probability productivity progressivism psychology public administration punctuated equilibrium raoul naroll reformism regress richard lewontin right of conquest robert redfield rostovian take-off model roy rappaport ruth benedict savage scientific racism scottish enlightenment sentience sidney mintz signs slavery social darwinism social animal social behavior social change social class social commentary social cycle theory social development social dynamics social engineering social environment social evolution social inequality social interaction social movement social progress social solidarity social structure social theory socialism societal collapse society sociobiology sociology species state state of nature stephen jay gould survival of the fittest symbol talcott parsons technological singularity technology the gutenberg galaxy theology third world thomas hobbes trade tribe tripartite classification of authority unification unilineal evolution united states university of chicago press variation vernor vinge voltaire western culture william graham sumner william wimsatt world war i world wide web writing zoology