act of abjuration antwerp artois batavian republic batavian revolution bavaria belgian revolution belgium brussels burgundian circle burgundian netherlands burgundy calvinism cambrai clergy congress of vienna county of artois county of flanders county of hainaut duchy of brabant duchy of limburg dutch golden age dutch republic dutch inventions and discoveries dutch language dutch linguistic influence on naval terms dutch literature first french empire flamingant franco-dutch war franks french first republic french revolution french revolutionary wars french language generality lands germanic peoples guelders history of belgium history of luxembourg history of the netherlands holland holy roman empire homonym house of orange-nassau infanta isabella clara eugenia of spain kettle war kingdom of holland kingdom of the netherlands lille list of governors of the spanish netherlands list of plenipotentiaries of austrian netherlands low countries lower rhenish-westphalian circle luxembourg maastricht mechelen merchant migration period military history of the netherlands monarchy ostend company pas-de-calais peter paul rubens philip ii of spain prussia queen wilhelmina salic law sambre-et-meuse scheldt seventeen provinces spanish armada spanish language tournai treaty of campo formio treaty of fontainebleau treaty of utrecht treaty of the pyrenees union of utrecht united kingdom of the netherlands united provinces united states of belgium valenciennes walloon flanders war of devolution war of the reunions war of the spanish succession william iii of the netherlands zeeland