affricate consonant allophone alveolar consonant alveolo-palatal consonant amoy dialect apostrophe barnett-chao beijing dialect bilabial consonant bopomofo cantonese chinese postal map romanization chinese character chinese language romanisation in singapore close front rounded vowel comparison of chinese romanization systems complementary distribution cyrillization of chinese from pinyin diphthong erhua foochow romanized fricative consonant fuzhou dialect general chinese guangdong romanization gwoyeu romatzyh hakka chinese hong kong government cantonese romanisation iteration mark jyutping latinxua sin wenz legge romanization mandarin chinese mandarin phonetic symbols ii meyer-wempe min dong min nan morpheme nasal consonant pinyin r-colored vowel reduplication retroflex consonant romanization of chinese romanization of chinese in the republic of china rome sic sidney lau romanisation simplified wade sonorant standard cantonese pinyin standard mandarin syllable onset syllable rime taiwanese teochew dialect tone sandhi tongyong pinyin velar consonant wade-giles wu chinese