african american alex haley andrew young benjamin hooks benjamin mays channing heggie tobias charles hamilton houston charles young coleman young colin powell constance baker motley george washington carver gordon parks jackie robinson jacob lawrence james weldon johnson jesse jackson joel elias spingarn john conyers john hope franklin langston hughes lena horne leontyne price little rock nine mabel keaton staupers marian anderson mary mcleod bethune max yergan maya angelou morehouse college myrlie evers-williams national conference of black lawyers oprah winfrey paul robeson percy sutton robert russa moton roland hayes rosa parks roy wilkins thurgood marshall william stanley braithwaite