africa african association airport alexander gordon laing arab araouane arizona bamako bani river benue river berber languages berber people chemnitz desert desertification djinguereber mosque elephant elevation england etymology europe exploration forcados river france french language fula people gao geographic coordinate system geography of benin geography of guinea geography of mali geography of niger geography of nigeria germany great britain hausa people hay-on-wye heinrich barth ibn battuta imam islam jew kaduna river kainji dam kainji lake kainji national park kairouan koyra chiini language le monde diplomatique leo africanus library of congress list of world heritage sites in africa list of world heritage sites in danger list of tributaries of the niger lokoja london mali mali empire manuscript marrakech medieval university mekrou river mopti morisco morocco mosque mungo park museum muslim national park of upper niger niamey niger basin authority niger delta niger inland delta niger river nigeria nun river onitsha paris portugal public broadcasting service regions of mali sahara saintes sankarani river sankore madrasah siguiri sokoto sokoto river songhai empire songhay languages taghaza tangier taoudenni tarikh es-sudan tembakounda timbuktu airport timbuktu manuscripts project tinkisso river tombouctou region trade route trans-saharan trade tuareg tuareg languages tunisia unesco united kingdom united states vernacular architecture w national park wales water tower weapon west africa wikimedia commons wikitravel world heritage site