afro-asiatic languages algeria algerian arabic allophone ancient north arabian andalusian arabic arabian arabic arabic alphabet arabic language aspect baghdad arabic bahrani arabic bedawi arabic bedouin beja berber languages bizerte central asian arabic central semitic languages chadian arabic classical arabic consonant cypriot maronite arabic darija dental consonant dhofari arabic dialect dialect continuum dialectology diglossia dual egypt egyptian arabic el kef french language gafsa glottal consonant grammatical gender grammatical number grammatical person gulf arabic hadhrami arabic hasaitic hejazi arabic interdental consonant international phonetic alphabet iraqi arabic italian language juba arabic judeo-arabic languages judeo-iraqi arabic judeo-tripolitanian arabic judeo-tunisian arabic kairouan khuzestani arabic language family lateral consonant lebanese arabic levantine arabic libya libyan arabic list of language regulators literary arabic maghrebi arabic mahdia maltese language mesopotamia middle east minimal pair moroccan arabic morocco muslim conquests nabeul najdi arabic nasal consonant neologism nigerian arabic north mesopotamian arabic north syrian arabic nubi language omani arabic oral tradition palestinian arabic participle pharyngealization phonology pronunciation regular verb safaitic saharan arabic semitic languages semivowel sfax shihhi arabic shirvani arabic siculo-arabic sousse spanish language stop consonant substratum sudanese arabic syllable coda syllable nucleus syllable onset syllable weight syntax syrian arabic tajiki arabic thamudic the little prince tozeur tunis tunisia turkish language unicode uzbeki arabic varieties of arabic velar consonant verb verbal noun vocabulary voiceless writing system yemeni arabic