afghanistan afshar language altai republic altaic languages altay language altay people arabic alphabet azerbaijan azerbaijani language azerbaijani people back vowel balkan gagauz turkish language balkars baraba language bashkir language bashkirs bashkortostan bilabial consonant bulgar language bulgars buyeo languages chagatai language chulym language chulyms chuvash language chuvash people chuvashia close vowel crimea crimean karaites crimean tatar language crimean tatars cuman language cumans declension dolgan language dolgans ethnologue eurasian avars finnish tatars front vowel gagauz language gagauz people gagauzia glottal consonant grammatical case grammatical conjugation history of the turkic peoples hunnic language ili turki language iran iraq iraqi turkmen japonic languages karachay-balkar language karachays karaim language karakalpak language karakalpaks karakalpakstan karapapak kazakh language kazakhs kazakhstan khakas khakas language khakassia khalaj language khalaj people khazar language khazars khorasani turkic language kimek kipchak language kipchaks korean language krymchak language krymchaks kumyk language kumyks kypchak languages kyrgyz kyrgyz language kyrgyzstan language death language family latin alphabet lipka tatars list of turkic states and empires list of language regulators lop language magtymguly pyragy meskhetian turks mid vowel mixed language mongolic languages mutual intelligibility nakhchivan nogai language nogais nomadic empire northern cyprus oghuz turks oghuz languages old tatar language old turkic old turkic script open vowel ottoman turkish language palatal consonant pan-turkism pecheneg language proto-turkic language qashqai qashqai language ruhnama sakha republic sakha language salar salar language shor language siberian tatars subject object verb syrian turkmen tatar language tatars tatarstan telengit teleuts tofa language tofalar tungusic languages turanism turkey turkic languages turkic peoples turkish cypriots turkish language turkish people turkmen alphabet turkmen people turkmenistan turkology tuva tuvan language tuvans unicode urum language uvular consonant uyghur turkic uyghur language uyghur people uzbek language uzbekistan uzbeks velar consonant volga tatars vowel harmony western yugur language wikibooks wikipedia xinjiang yakuts yugur