afrikaans alemannic german alexander montgomerie andrew mckenzie anglic languages anglo-frisian languages belfast danish language derry dialect dictionary of the scots language dutch language english language european charter for regional or minority languages faroese language german language germanic languages heinz kloss hiberno-english history of the scots language ian adamson icelandic language indo-european languages irish language james hogg jim shannon lallans language contact language family latin alphabet list of language regulators low german luxembourgish language mid ulster english middle irish modern language neologism north frisian language northern ireland norwegian language orthography plantation of ulster portmanteau republic of ireland robert burns robert tannahill saterland frisian language scotch scots language scottish english scottish gaelic seamus heaney st andrews agreement swedish language ulster ulster-scots agency ulster irish ulster scots people weaver poets west frisian language william carleton writing system yiddish language