amsterdam antwerp batavian republic batavian revolution battle of leipzig battle of waterloo beatrix of the netherlands belgian revolution belgium brussels brussels-charleroi canal burgundian netherlands cologne congress of vienna constitutional monarchy currency duchy of limburg dutch golden age dutch republic dutch guilder dutch inventions and discoveries dutch language dutch linguistic influence on naval terms dutch literature eerste kamer elba europe first french empire flanders franks french flanders french language german confederation germanic peoples government history of the netherlands holy roman empire house of orange-nassau juliana of the netherlands kingdom of holland legislature low countries maastricht mechelen migration period military history of the netherlands monarchy of the netherlands moselle nete rhine seventeen provinces states-general of the netherlands terneuzen tweede kamer united states of belgium wilhelmina of the netherlands william iii of the netherlands william ii of the netherlands william i of the netherlands william the silent