able-bodied poor almshouse andover workhouse scandal architect board of guardians book of murder charles booth charles dickens church of england church of scotland coventry crumpsall deptford down and out in paris and london drunkenness elizabethan era exeter florence nightingale george gilbert scott great britain gruel hampshire hippocratic oath house of correction idle poor impotent poor indoor relief industrial revolution irish poor laws labour rate less eligibility liverpool malnutrition nantwich oliver twist opposition to the poor law origins of the poor law system outdoor labour test order outdoor relief prohibitory order outdoor relief overseer of the poor palace of westminster parish poor law poor law board poor law commission poor law union poor rate poor relief poorhouse ripon salisbury sampson kempthorne simon fowler speenhamland system stoughton thomas allom tudor period united kingdom victorian era wakefield west sussex william bonython moffatt william donthorne workhouse test act workhouse test